Algorithms applications 5 arithmetic operations 2 array 8 basics 27 compiler design 1 control statements 4 conversion functions 1 data structures 12 data type 1 date functions 1 file 36 keywords 1 loops 1 math functions 30 math snippets 43 memory management 3 misc 4 networking. The example program in the following figure contains a macro definition, a macro call, and a proc print step. Compiler takes pre processor output file as input for compiler and generated object file i. Feb 21, 2018 macro processor design options recursive macro expansion generalpurpose macro processors macro processing within language translators 60. A macro is a name given to a block of c statements as a pre processor directive. Professionals, teachers, students and kids trivia quizzes to test your knowledge on the subject. Pdf the fhdl florida hardware design language macro processor provides. Over the next few months we will be adding more developer resources and documentation for all the products and technologies that arm provides. Tinnr the tinnr is an open source gnu general public license and free project. Arms developer website includes documentation, tutorials, support resources and more. Two pass macro processor program in java alka tanks. The use of macro name with a set of actual parameters is replaced by some code generated.
Posts tagged two pass macro processor program in java. The macro processor replaces each macro instruction with the corresponding group of source language statements. This object file contains machine code generated from the program you wrote in your original c file. A phase is a logically interrelated operation that takes source program in one representation and produces output in another representation. All macro invocation statements are expanded hthowever, a twopass macro processor would tld not. List of experiments shift reduce parser tokens separating identifier,keyword,condition,punctuators,branching,controls pass two of a two pass assembler one pass assembler one pass macro processor pass one of two pass macro processor pass two of two pass macro processor absolute loader relocating loader pass 1 of dirent linking loader pass 2 of. A macro processor will, during any one job, normally scan source text, replacement text and arguments to macros. Macro processor, macros, macros vs functions, two pass macro processor, two pass macro processor program in java. The macro processor replaces each macro instruction with the corresponding group of source language statements expanding normally, it performs no analysis of the text it handles.
Compiler a compiler is a computer program or a set of programs that transforms source code written in a programming language the source language into another computer language the target language. Compiler design lecture 4 elimination of left recursion and left factoring the grammars duration. When you define a macro, you provide text usually assembly code that you want to associate with a macro name. A preprocessor may allow a user to define macros that are. The c preprocessor is not a part of the compiler, but is a separate step in the compilation process. In a compiler, the source code is translated to object code successfully if it is free of errors. Macros and macro processors macro computer science. Jun 06, 2011 macro processor is a program that lets you define the code that is reused many times giving it a specific macro name and reuse the code by just writing the macro name only. Macro assembler macro processor design options recursive macro expression. A macro processor enables you to define and to use macros in your assembly programs. A compiler design is carried out in the context of a particular language. Computer engineering multiple choice questions objective type questions, mcqs, with question and answers, download free pdf, short cut notes, rapid fire notes, best theory. Usually, only a small percentage of users are aware of its existence. This design document describes a sourcetosource pre processor that transforms jl source into java source, which is then compiled by a standard java compiler.
The macro names are entered into namtab, namtab contains two pointers to the beginning and the end of the definition in deftab. A macro facility is used to interpret macro definitions and expand each macro call as it occurs with the requisite pattern of assembly language statements, providing expanded source code ready for the assembler. Macro processor is a program that lets you define the code that is reused many times giving it a specific macro name and reuse the code by just writing the macro name only. A macro instruction written in the format of the target assembly language would be processed by a macro compiler, which was a pre processor to the assembler, to generate one or more assembly language instructions to be processed next by the assembler program that would translate the assembly language instructions into machine language instructions. Write a program to implement 2 pass macro processor. The definition of a macro must appear in the source program before any statements that invoke that macro. A preprocessor may allow a user to define macros that are short hands for longer constructs.
What is the function of the preprocessor, compiler, loader. Solved examples with detailed answer description, explanation are given and it would be easy to understand. This design document describes a sourcetosource preprocessor that transforms jl source into java source, which is then compiled by a standard java compiler. The c compiler, compiles the program and translates it to assembly program lowlevel language. The compiler design theory pdf file is removed due to a violation. Generally it doesnt come as a separate program but as a bundle to either assembler or compiler.
Pdf a study on language processing policies in compiler. Design compiler graphical identifies and reports rtl structures that have the potential to cause routing congestion problems later in the flow and crossprobe them back to the rtl source where they can be addressed before implementation of the design. Macro execution begins with the macro processor opening the sasmacr catalog to read the appropriate macro entry. Macro processor algorithm andmacro processor algorithm and data structuresdata structures it is easy to design a twopass macro processor pass 1. Introduction, macro definition and call, macro expansion, nested macro calls, design of macro processor, design issues of macro processors, twopass macro processors, onepass macro processors. Macro processor replace each macro instruction with the corresponding group of source language statements.
A macro prototype statement one or more model statements macro preprocessor statements the macro prototype statement declares the name of a macro and the names and kinds of its parameters. It does not concern the meaning of the involved statements during macro expansion. Interpreter an interpreter, like a compiler, translates highlevel language into lowlevel machine language. The order in which this is done, the interrelations between different pieces of text and the effect of new macro definitions on subsequent evaluation are all questions that are fundamental to the design of a macro processor. Compiler takes preprocessor output file as input for compiler and generated object file i. Macro instructions are single line abbreviations for group of instructions. Process macro definitions and expand macro invocations pass output lines to the assembler or compiler benefits avoid making an extra pass over the source program.
Basic assembler functions, machine dependent assembler features, machine independent assembler features, assembler design options. Jan 16, 2012 the processor tells the memory address of a cell and the memory responds with the value number, but it can represent anything letters, graphics, sound everything can be converted to numerical values stored in the cell. Macro definitions are typically located at the start of a program. How processor, assembler, and programming languages work for. Macro processor design options recursive macro expansion generalpurpose macro processors macro processing within language translators 60. Features of macro facilities macro instruction has got a number of features depending on which we will be trying to design our macro processer or in other words we can say that the macro processor are designed in a manner to give the following features to the macro. A linker tool is used to link all the parts of the program together for execution executable machine code.
This compiler design pdf notes cd pdf notes free download book starts with the topics covering phases of compilation, context free grammars, shift reduce parsing, lr and lalr parsing, intermediate forms of source programs. The design of a macro processor generally is machine independent. The phases of a compiler are shown in below there are two phases of compilation. A macro processor is described which can be used with al. A macro processor is a program that reads a file or files and scans them for certain keywords. Hence, the macro facility is a preprocessor, which interprets all macro calls into assembly code prior to passing the expanded code. Of course, the processor can tell the memory to store a new number in a given cell as well. Data structures required by the macro processor and the language translator can be combined e.
Using lexical expansion the macro call incr a,b,areg can lead to the generation of a moveaddmove instruction sequence to increment a by the value of b using areg to perform the arithmetic. Pdf a compiler translates the source language code into a target language code. What are the advantages and disadvantages of macros. Unit 2 macro processor and assembler 7 hours macroprocessor. Here we are providing sample questions in compiler design. The word scanner continues to submit tokens until it comes to the. It is easy to design a twopass macro processor pass 1. Being a pre processor, the block of code is communicated to the compiler before entering into the actual coding main function. A macro is a unit of specification for program generation through expansion. Sourcetosource compiler or transcompiler or transpiler is a compiler that translates source code written in one programming language into the source code of another programming language. When the macro processor is finished, control is turned back over to the word scanner and tokenization resumes. It will be useful for the ibps so it officer and sbi assistant managersystem. As the macro processor executes the compiled instructions in the macro entry, it performs a series of simple repetitive actions.
Overview7 source code with macro macro processor expanded code compiler or assembler obj. Macro and macro preprocessor free download as powerpoint presentation. Elements of assembly language programming, design of the assembler, assembler design. Pdf a language independent macroprocessor researchgate. Compiler design multiple choice questions and answers mcq. Gate lectures by ravindrababu ravula 695,870 views. May 21, 2014 compiler design lecture 4 elimination of left recursion and left factoring the grammars duration. Macro processors can also be used with highlevel programming. Define compiler, interpreter, assembler, linker, loader, macro.
Previous macro processor design cannot handle such kind of recursive macro. A preprocessor may include header files into the program text. Macro processing can usually be done in a separate prepass. Recursive macro expansion1 if we want to allow a macro to be invoked in a macro definition, the already presented macro processor implementation cannot be used. A macro call represents the expansion of the macro in the source program. Compiler construction tools, parser generators, scanner generators, syntax. You have freedom to copy and modify this gnu manual, like gnu software. An assembler then translates the assembly program into machine code object. A generalpurpose macro processor or general purpose preprocessor is a macro processor that is not tied to or integrated with a particular language or piece of software a macro processor is a program that copies a stream of text from one place to another, making a systematic set of replacements as it does so. All macro invocation statements are expanded hthowever, a twopass macro processor would tld not allow the body of one macro instruction to contain dfiiti f thdefinitions of other macros see figure 4. The c preprocessor, often known as cpp, is a macro processor that is used. Design compiler graphical includes synopsys virtual globalrouting. All preprocessing work the subject of the rest of this manual is carried out in the. The sas compiler now takes charge and proceeds with the compilation and execution of the data step.
Using a macro, programmer can define a single instruction to represent block of code. Chapter 4 macro processors z a macro represents a commonly used group of statements in the source programming language. Here you will need to provide assembly program containing macro as input in macin. Mcq quiz on compiler design multiple choice questions and answers on compiler design mcq questions quiz on compiler design objectives questions with answer test pdf. Macro processors and their use in implementing software. Here you can download the free lecture notes of compiler design notes pdf cd notes pdf materials with multiple file links to download.
Using macro instructions programmer can leave the mechanical details to be handled by the macro processor. It might also strip comments and unnecessary whitespace. Before describing the details of our chosen design, we discuss alternative designs and the rationale we used in making our choice. Macro represents a group of commonly used statements in the source programming language. The assembler replaces the macro name with the text. Dear aspirants, welcome to the professional knowledge section in. Then, when you want to include the macro text in your assembly program, you provide the name of the macro. Preprocessor a preprocessor, generally considered as a part of compiler, is a tool that produces input for compilers. Compiler design multiple choice questions and answers. A macro processor is not directly related to the architecture hit t off the th computer t on which hi h it is i to t run macro processors can also be used with highlevel programming languages, os command languages, etc. When a keyword is found, it is replaced by some text. Once the sas code has executed, the macro processor. Linebyline macro processor integrated macro processor linebyline macro processor used as a sort of input routine for the assembler or compiler read source program process macro definitions and expand macro invocations pass output lines to the assembler or compiler benefits avoid making an extra pass over the source program.
Macro and macro preprocessor macro computer science. The c preprocessor gcc, the gnu compiler collection. Pdf a study on language processing policies in compiler design. Compiler design 10 a compiler can broadly be divided into two phases based on the way they compile. The third data structure is an argument table argtab, which is used during the expansion of macro invocations. Macro processor and assembler 7 hours macroprocessor. Use of semantic expansion can enable the instruction sequence to be adapted to the types of a and b. It does not as of yet contain code for functions such as printf. The programmer does not need to learn about a different macro facility for each compiler or assembler languagethe time and expense involved in. Special thanks go to tom halverson for his compiler front end tools used in this project, his. Define compiler, interpreter, assembler, linker, loader. Macro consist of name, a set of formal parameters and a body of code.
Gnu macro processor introduction and preliminaries. Macro processor designs are not directly related to the computer architecture on which it runs. Macros and macro processors free download as powerpoint presentation. Analysis phase known as the frontend of the compiler, the analysis phase of the compiler reads the source program, divides it into core parts, and then checks for lexical, grammar, and syntax errors. How the macro processor compiles a macro definition. Introduction to system software, machine architecture of sic and sicxe. Macro processor overview basic functions features machine. The macro processor, which is the portion of the system that does the work and. How the macro processor compiles a macro definition when you submit a sas program, the contents of the program goes to an area of memory called the input stack. Integrated macro processor o integrate a macro processor with a language translator e. A macro instruction written in the format of the target assembly language would be processed by a macro compiler, which was a preprocessor to the assembler, to generate one or more assembly language instructions to be processed next by the assembler program that would translate the assembly language instructions into machine language instructions. It deals with macroprocessing, augmentation, file inclusion, language extension, etc. The m4 macro processor is widely available on all unixes. In simple terms, a c preprocessor is just a text substitution tool and it instructs the compiler to do required preprocessing before the actual compilation.
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